Hypothesis and Conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hypothesis and Conclusion - Essay Example The antiterrorism measures taken by security agencies following the September 11 attacks, discourages the citizens from volunteering relevant security information to security agencies (Hardin, 2003). This hypothesis will enable me define the scope of my investigation and method of conducting investigations through interviews. Although conducting interviews is an expensive research methodology, it the most appropriate in qualitative studies. This is because the method enables a researchers to answer several questions such as why certain occurrences or phenomenon occurs the way they do (Silverman, 2009). Interviews are conducted on a one-to-one basis and, this stand out as the main limitation of this research method. To utilize this method a researcher requires a set of questions and a means of recording information obtained from a respondent. Information or response of a respondent can be recorded through note taking, personal memory or using audio recording devices such as audio tapes. Questioners are the most important tool in research or investigations using interviews (Palgrave, 2011). Questionnaires have either open-ended questions or closed questions and the choice of question depends on the expected response. The first step towards achieving a successful investigation through interviews is identifying a sample. This is important since it is difficult or impossible to conduct an investigation using the entire population. The second step involves designing of questionnaires that involves setting a set of question that the researcher considers appropriate. The question should be tested before a researcher goes to the field in order to ensure that they are sensitive to the society. A pilot study is then conducted to establish the expectation of the actual study. Pilot studies also enable the researchers to refine the questionnaire and estimate budgetary requirements (Palgrave, 2011). A pilot study

International Trade and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Trade and Finance - Essay Example A country can only be considered least developed if it fulfills the three criteria suggested by the Committee for Development Policy (CDP) which include low-income, weak human assets, and high economic vulnerability (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), 2011). Due to the fact that international trade plays an important role for the development of LDCs, World Trade Organization (WTO) should also be considered. The main thrust of this paper is to have an in-depth analysis with regard to the trade and economy of LDCs from the perspective of the WTO, and determine how does it help LDCs. Nepal and the World Trade Organization (WTO) WTO is the â€Å"only international organization dealing with rules of trade between nations...the goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business† (World Trade Organization (WTO), n.d.). There are currently 153 WTO members worldwide and most of them have high performing economies ; however, they commit themselves to the objectives of WTO and reaffirm to the agreement that trade concessions and special provisions will be given to LDCs (World Trade Organization, 2001, p.9). ... Nepal is one of the poorest and underdeveloped countries in Asia, and become the first member of WTO among LDCs in 2004 (United Nations, 2007, p.75). Nepal’s application for accession to WTO had last for almost 14 years until such time that the organization decided to give the Nepalese government a formal hearing in the last stages of the accession process (Gallagher, 2005, p.54). The country bid for membership because it was â€Å"motivated by a desire to ensure predictable market access and become eligible for the special concessions available to LDCs under WTO rules† (Baumuller, et al., 2008, p.1). Aside from this, the country also wanted to enter the export and industrial sector in India and it needs to have a multilateral back-up that would assure its transit to the overseas market. WTO membership is the only choice for Nepal considering that it did not have the capacity to compete with the fastest growing economy in the world like China. As a result, Nepal is give n preferential access and bilateral agreement in the Indian market that made the country more competent to trade and take full advantage in the global trade opportunities. â€Å"Close collaboration between business, government and civil society gave Nepal access to the benefits of the global trading system in the midst of constitutional crisis† (Gallagher, 2005, p.55). However, the total benefits offered by WTO membership are not for free and not automatic because various efforts are needed such as the ability of Nepal to take advantage with the enhanced opportunities and learned to become an independent economic country. The membership is not a guarantee for Nepal to have a long-term economic

Field of business and accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Field of business and accounting - Essay Example Even presently, I will not pay for any product that I consider unnecessary although those products are the popular items amongst youngsters. My friends always persuade me to buy an Ipod, but this item for me is considered an unnecessary purchase because I will not use it that often; I can play music whenever I want to, such as at home and in car. Gradually, I have developed an interest of trade and hence saving money. For me, learning is a process of attaining knowledge, value and skill; not only through study but also through working experience. As a result, when I started to see that I had an interest in the business field that was the time when I decided to work for my uncle’s company for a few months before I thought of pursuing my career in the United States. Although I worked as  the receptionist there, I learned that in order to accomplish a job, the same required diverse skills as well as knowledge from different individuals and more than that communication forms up as an important skill in the field of business nonetheless. In the year 2005, I started working in my father’s company as an accounting assistant. My job was to make a simple statement of different accounts, create wire and transfer money to those companies that we dealt with because I was one of the authorities in my fathers company. Other than that, I started to learn how to use information systems to track financial performance. Since working as an accountant assistant consumes a lot of time.

International Trade and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Trade and Finance - Essay Example A country can only be considered least developed if it fulfills the three criteria suggested by the Committee for Development Policy (CDP) which include low-income, weak human assets, and high economic vulnerability (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), 2011). Due to the fact that international trade plays an important role for the development of LDCs, World Trade Organization (WTO) should also be considered. The main thrust of this paper is to have an in-depth analysis with regard to the trade and economy of LDCs from the perspective of the WTO, and determine how does it help LDCs. Nepal and the World Trade Organization (WTO) WTO is the â€Å"only international organization dealing with rules of trade between nations...the goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business† (World Trade Organization (WTO), n.d.). There are currently 153 WTO members worldwide and most of them have high performing economies ; however, they commit themselves to the objectives of WTO and reaffirm to the agreement that trade concessions and special provisions will be given to LDCs (World Trade Organization, 2001, p.9). ... Nepal is one of the poorest and underdeveloped countries in Asia, and become the first member of WTO among LDCs in 2004 (United Nations, 2007, p.75). Nepal’s application for accession to WTO had last for almost 14 years until such time that the organization decided to give the Nepalese government a formal hearing in the last stages of the accession process (Gallagher, 2005, p.54). The country bid for membership because it was â€Å"motivated by a desire to ensure predictable market access and become eligible for the special concessions available to LDCs under WTO rules† (Baumuller, et al., 2008, p.1). Aside from this, the country also wanted to enter the export and industrial sector in India and it needs to have a multilateral back-up that would assure its transit to the overseas market. WTO membership is the only choice for Nepal considering that it did not have the capacity to compete with the fastest growing economy in the world like China. As a result, Nepal is give n preferential access and bilateral agreement in the Indian market that made the country more competent to trade and take full advantage in the global trade opportunities. â€Å"Close collaboration between business, government and civil society gave Nepal access to the benefits of the global trading system in the midst of constitutional crisis† (Gallagher, 2005, p.55). However, the total benefits offered by WTO membership are not for free and not automatic because various efforts are needed such as the ability of Nepal to take advantage with the enhanced opportunities and learned to become an independent economic country. The membership is not a guarantee for Nepal to have a long-term economic

Bordeaux Wine Region Essay Example for Free

Bordeaux Wine Region Essay Romans †¢ In the mid-1st century, they introduced wine to the Bordeaux Region to provide wine for local consumption, and wine production has been continuous in the region since then. †¢ the popularity of Bordeaux wines in England increased dramatically following the marriage of Henry Plantagenet and Eleanor of Aquitaine. The marriage made the province of Aquitaine English territory, and thenceforth the majority of Bordeaux was exported. †¢ Grave; Clairet †¢ Dutch traders drained the swampy ground of the Medoc in order that it could be planted with vines, and this gradually surpassed Graves as the most prestigious region of Bordeaux. Malbec was dominant grape here, until the early 19th century, when it was replaced by Cabernet Sauvignon. 12th century 17th century 1855 †¢ the chateaux of Bordeaux were classified; this classification remains widely used today. 18751892 †¢ almost all Bordeaux vineyards were ruined by Phylloxera infestations. The regions wine industry was rescued by grafting native vines on to pest-resistant American rootstock and all Bordeaux vines that survive to this day are a product of this action. This is not to say that all contemporary Bordeaux wines are truly American wines, as rootstock does not affect the production of grapes. 1936 †¢ the government responded to the appeals from the winemakers and stated that all regions in France had to name their wines by the place in which they had been produced. Labeled with the AOC approved stamp, products were officially confirmed to be from the region that it stated. Terminologies †¢ The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 resulted from the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris, when Emperor Napoleon III requested a classification system for Frances best Bordeaux wines which were to be on display for visitors from around the world. Brokers from the wine industry ranked the wines according to a chateaus reputation and trading price, which at that time was directly related to quality. †¢ Cremant are produced using the traditional method, and have to fulfill strict production criteria. †¢ Grafting – or graftage, is a horticultural technique whereby tissues from one plant are inserted into those of another so that the two sets of vascular tissues may join together. †¢ Rootstock – is a plant, and sometimes just the stump, which already has an established, healthy root system, used for grafting a cutting or budding from another plant. †¢ Phylloxera is a pest of commercial grapevines worldwide, originally native to eastern North America. These almost microscopic, pale yellow sapsucking insects, related to aphids, feed on the roots and leaves of grapevines (depending on the phylloxera genetic strain). It gradually cutting off the flow of nutrients and water to the vine. Bordeaux Wine †¢ The major reason for the success of winemaking in the Bordeaux region is the excellent environment for growing vines. The geological foundation of the region is limestone, leading to a soil structure that is heavy in calcium. †¢ These rivers define the main geographical subdivisions of the region: ? The right bank, situated on the right bank of Dordogne, in the northern parts of the region, around the city of Libourne. ? Entre-deux-mers, French for between two seas, the area between the rivers Dordogne and Garonne, in the centre of the region. ? The left bank, situated on the left bank of Garonne, in the west and south of the region, around the city of Bordeaux itself. The left bank is further subdivided into: o Graves, the area upstream of the city Bordeaux. o Medoc, the area downstream of the city Bordeaux, situated on a peninsula between Gironde and the Atlantic. Climate and geography Red Grapes †¢ MERLOT Early-ripening Merlot is the most widelyplanted grape variety in Bordeaux. It expresses its full potential on cool soils, producing smooth wines with a great deal of color, roasted aromas, and flavors reminiscent of red fruit (such as plums) and figs after ageing in bottle for several years. Red Grapes †¢ CABERNET SAUVIGNON Cabernet Sauvignon is a traditional late-ripening local variety. The gravely soil of the Left Bank provides the necessary warmth for optimum ripening. This grape variety contributes structure to the wines as well as hearty tannins and a flavor profile including liquorice, black fruit (such as blackcurrant), and elegant aromas of forest floor with age. Red Grapes †¢ CABERNET FRANC Cabernet Franc ripens earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon. It is an excellent complementary grape variety that rarely makes up the majority of the final blend. It adds freshness, finesse, and aromatic complexity as well as hints of raspberry and violet. White Grapes †¢ SAUVIGNON BLANC Sauvignon Blanc, except in rare instances, is the most important variety for dry white wines. It provides the wines with the necessary acidity as well as minerality, aromatic freshness, and varietal aromas, such as citrus, boxwood, and fig leaves. White Grapes †¢ SEMILLON Semillon is the main grape variety for semi-sweet and sweet white wines and is almost always a component of dry white wines as well. It contributes roundness, richness, and apricot and honey aromas. When affected by  «noble rot », it develops an inimitable bouquet. White Grapes †¢ MUSCADELLE Muscadelle, which plays a secondary role in the blend for both dry and sweet white wines (generally no more than 10%), is a fragile but very interesting variety with musky floral overtones. Viticulture †¢ Bordeaux is a relatively humid region. Thus it is a place rife with diseases and other problems that afflict vines, compared with many of the worlds other wine regions, such as dry Chile or Australia. †¢ In Bordeaux, the pruning of the vine happens almost always as cane-pruning (as opposed to spur-pruning). There are two types of cane-pruning: guyot simple and guyot double. †¢ The use of chemicals and fertilizers has dropped in the recent decades in Bordeaux. Instead, the *lutte raisonnee method is gaining ground. †¢ When harvest time approaches the Bordeaux wine producers start getting anxious. Unlike many other wine regions, weather in Bordeaux is relatively unstable and sudden changes in weather can delay a harvest, force a harvest in bad weather (diluting the wine) or severely damage the harvest. †¢ In Bordeaux, hand picking is now common among the more prestigious chateaux. But while hand-picking is foremost, some classified chateaux still harvest by machine. Viticulture Hand-Picking †¢ the delicate and selective process of harvesting by hand is still the best way to secure a maximum quality harvest. †¢ One problem with manual harvesting is the sheer size of vineyards in Bordeaux (not to mention the labor cost of hand-picking), with tens of thousands of hectares needing harvesting within a few weeks. Mechanical harvesting †¢ flexibility: it makes possible harvesting at night, which is preferable during hot weather. †¢ The flatter geography of Bordeaux also allows for mechanical harvesting, whereas the steep slopes of wine-producing areas such as *Cote-Rotie make machine harvesting nearly impossible. Winemaking †¢ In Bordeaux, almost all wines are blended. Only a few producers make single-variety or varietal wines, though the lack of naming grape varieties on labels masks the fact. The typical blend consists of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon (and/or Cabernet Franc), with small additions of Petit Verdot and Malbec. Wine classification. †¢ There are four different classifications of Bordeaux, covering different parts of the region: ? The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, covering (with one exception) red wines of Medoc, and sweet wines of Sauternes-Barsac. ? The 1955 Official Classification of St. -Emilion, which is updated approximately once every ten years, and last in 2006. ? The 1959 Official Classification of Graves, initially classified in 1953 and revised in 1959. ? The Cru Bourgeois Classification, which began as an unofficial classification, but came to enjoy official status and was last updated in 2003. However, after various legal turns, the classification was annulled in 2007. As of 2007, plans exist to revive it as an unofficial classification. Wine styles †¢ The Bordeaux wine region is divided into subregions including Saint-Emilion, Pomerol, Medoc, and Graves. The 60 Bordeaux appellations and the wine styles they represent are usually categorized into six main families, four red based on the subregions and two white based on sweetness: ? Red Bordeaux and Red Bordeaux Superieur ? Red Cotes de Bordeaux ? Red Libourne, or Right Bank wines ? Red Graves and Medoc or Left Bank wines ? Dry white wines ? Sweet white wines †¢ The name of estate -(Image example: Chateau HautBatailley) †¢ The estates classification -(Image example: Grand Cru Classe en 1855) This can be in reference to the 1855 Bordeaux classification or one of the Cru Bourgeois. †¢ The appellation -(Image example: Pauillac) Appellation dorigine controlee laws dictate that all grapes must be harvested from a particular appellation in order for that appellation to appear on the label. The appellation is a key indicator of the type of wine in the bottle. With the image example, Pauillac wines are always red, and usually Cabernet Sauvignon is the dominant grape variety. †¢ Whether or not the wine is bottled at the chateau (Image example: Mis en Bouteille au Chateau) or assembled by a Negociant. †¢ The vintage -(Image example: 2000). †¢ Alcohol content (Image example: 13% vol) Wine label †¢ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bordeaux_wine Credits †¢ http://www. bordeaux. com/us †¢ http://www. bordeaux-fete-levin. com/uk/programme/index2012uk. html THANK YOU! ?

Cross-cultural Communication and Marketing of Museums

Cross-cultural Communication and Marketing of Museums Museum is a place for leisure, education and protection of global civilizations. It is an important public service sector and tourism attraction. As an NPO (Non-Profit Organization), how it play in the context of globalization is an interesting and worth studying subject. Therefore, in this report, it will discuss the cross-cultural communication and marketing of the international museums in London. How the Science Museum and Victoria Albert Museum perform in the background of globalisation will emphasis on how to attract diversified needs and improve service quality. The study will come out with some implications, through analysis of the observation held in the museum. Research was carried out in the forms of data collection. It randomly picked up the issues the visitors encountered while visiting the museum, by using the problem-oriented approach. This approach indeed added a lot of fun in my research, on one hand. A case in point, I saw an elder woman, who pushed a baby carriage, was wandering in a channel. In the beginning, I thought she had some problems and was in need for help, I stepped forward to ask her, and humorously was told that she just wanted to make her grandchildren sleeping. On the other hand, it is an effective, stimulated and enjoyable approach, so that I was encountered in the process. Later, I will describe four special events that meaningful for me and for this observation of globalization. The first thing happened in a gallery of jewellery and other ornaments in the Victoria and Albert Museum, I met a Chinese tourist who was going to take a photo of a pair of sword. At that moment, an administrator blocked him. I went to talk to the man immediately and discovered that he just could not help to photograph the precise sword. In addition, he also mentioned that although the majority of the exhibits in this museum allow photographing, but there is still a small part of non-photos area. However, which are specific non-photos areas, he was not very clear, but he believed that there must have some reminder in those areas and if inappropriate, the administrator will told him. So he did not care about the rules and regulations of the museum, which is not a big deal for him and do not want to spare some time to note down these regulations. The second incident occurred during my visit to a Chinese art exhibition. It is about the understanding of a French visitor towards a Chinese collection ?C a statue of. The tourist asked me about the history of this person, who is admired by most of the Chinese. When I was talking about the public faith of Kuan Kung as the God of Wealth in China, he interrupted me and said that this belief is very interesting. Then he explains his opinion that people need to success by themselves, but not ask for god for help and he also doubt that this was why Chinese doing business through Guanxi made sense. After this, we kept going on this topic. The third thing is about a Japanese mother and her daughter in Science Museum. They are living in London for couple of years. This time, she planned to take her daughter to practice zone, named Launchpad to play a game called the Big Machine. Many people were there and every parts of the game were occupied. She said that she used to bringing her daughter to the Science Museum because children can practice the knowledge there, but every time they just enjoyed one or two parts of the game. Luckily, she said, today we play the four parts of the game and this is due to a very kind American parent who let us play after noticing that we are waiting for a long time. I ask her that why she did not grasp opportunity by them. The explanations she gives to me are impressive. The first one is, in her opinion, she did not want to disturb someone enjoying the game. Second she said that the child is too shame to play with others, she is now seven 7 years old. Finally, she said they had time to visi t this museum, so she did not worry about any chance to practice. The last one, it is very simple, but worth for analysis. It is an Australia woman. She came to me and asked me for the time. After I told her, she complain that the root design and layout of the exhibition in the Science Museum are so bad that she cannot use time efficiency and missed many collections. It is a pity for the tourist. Although there exist the anti-globalization voices, such as German Martin and Schumanns (1996) The Global Trap, the British author Alan Rugmans (2001) the end of globalization, , for now, Globalization is an indisputable fact and continually affects everyones daily lives. As Held and McGrew (2000) emphasized that globalization is currently does not have a universally accepted definition by the world. In the past, the globalization is far more defined as the formation of the global market, where the goods, technology, services; capital can flow and trade freely in the world (Theodre Levitt, 1985). However, the results of theoretical research on the current point of view, this is only part of globalization. From Roland Robertson (1992), has started to pay attention to the broader implication of globalization. That is globalization is a set of globalization among economic, political, cultural, technological and other processes. Here we will focus on cultural globalization, and some of the theories on cross-cultural communication and marketing. Giddens and others transformationlists (2001) thought that globalization is a comprehensive process of development and the economic globalization is bound to lead to the globalization of culture and value. Along with the acceleration of globalization, the impact of globalization on culture has also been keen to explore by scholars. The first understanding believes that cultural globalization is the formation of a common or a single culture, which can be described as a cultural homogeneity (Stephan Dahl,). They explored that cultural globalization refers to mutual penetration, absorption of the worldwide different lifestyles, consumption patterns, ideas, and awareness, thus the development of culture will show the trend of homogenization. The second major theory insists that cultural globalization is the parallel process of homogenization and heterogeneous, or the dialectic of globalization and localization in parallel (). The third main study directly denies the existence of cultural globalization. Samuel Huntington () is an important critics of globalization discourse. He made his famous clash of civilizations theory, which Demonstrate the development of world history will strengthen the differences and conflicts between civilizations. Throughout these theoretical insights, in line with materialistic point of view, cultural globalization is inevitable. Moreover, in reality, we can find the subtle changes are taking place in the worlds civilizations, whatever the western or oriental. (David Herder, 2001). Therefore, this cultural is still diversified in the context of globalization. Cross-cultural communication and marketing of an organization will determine whether it is able to compete in the global market to survive. Cross-cultural communication is to study how people from different cultural backgrounds communicate effectively with each other through language, behaviour, etc. (Cross-cultural communication, 2008). Cross-cultural communication involves a lot of the edge of disciplines, including psychology, ethnology, culture and science. Cross-cultural communication theories are the mainly base on theories that study difference between the values of the culture. These theories include the Geert Hofstedes (2001) five dimensions of culture, Fons Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-Turners seven dimensions culture model. The following will be further elaborated in Fons Trompenaars models, combined with the investigation to analyse how museums manage and market in cross-cultural environment , both of the achievements and shortcomings, through our investigation, although very simple and not comprehensive. First of all, will be a brief introduction of Trompenaars model(). This model, like other onions model studies the culture by dividing into seven dimensions. Five dimensions of them are reflecting how people interact with each other. The first dimension is Universalism versus Particularism(). Universalism is more emphasis on the importance of the rules and regulation system. As described in his book, Americans do not tend to lie when disobey the regulation or rules. The second is Individualism versus Collectivism, which show whether the relationship between the individual and the collective is an Isolationism, or collectivism. The next is Neutral vs. Emotional expression is a measure of whether the emotion is naturally revealed. The fourth one is the Specific versus Diffuse. These are being considered when weighing the participation and responsibility of individuals in the organization. The fifth is the recognition of the position, named Achievement versus Ascription. Trompenaars arg ues that some people believe the position embody the personal contributions, but not your organization. In other words, they measure the loyalty towards organization. The last but one is a Sequential versus Synchronic, mainly to reflect the concept of time of the different cultures. The last one is Internal versus External Orientation, which are to examine the different cultural attitudes on the external environment. There are two arguments, some think that people are controlled by environment, while the others insist human being Dominate the environment. These seven dimensions are well defined and being used to analyse how cultural differences in the museum. However, there is a need to introduce one management framework to help us figure out some implications from the cross-cultural analysis. Therefore, we would also like to use SERVQUAL theory() to study customer perceptions of service quality in the museum. SERVQUAL is based on the theory of total quality management theory and puts forward in the service industry. The core of this new service quality evaluation system is the Service Quality Model or 5GAP model. Firstly, SERVQUAL divides service quality into five levels: physical Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, including total 22 small questions. The method used to analyse is to measure the gap between customer perception and expectation. Whereby, the company need to fix up the other four gaps ,which are less understanding of the customers expectation, wrong service design and standards, failure to standards of service delivery, not match between service performance and service promise. While some reviews on the theory argue, it needs for appropriate modifications when applied in cross-cultural study (Smith Reynolds, 2002), nevertheless, beca use of time and a limited extent to research, we will still stick to the original theory. The first step of analysis will focus on the customers cultural differences. From the above, it suggests that the cultural differences still exist, as the transformation theory argues. However, following the Trompenaars model, we can examine these differences specifically. Above all, the photograph incident indicates that the Western view on rules and regulations are different from the oriental. As usual, most Western tourists have not the habit of taking pictures in the museum. This is because of their awareness of the requirements in the museum in one hand, in the other hand, that they pay more attention to understand the exhibits, rather than simply to mark the travel. Of course, we cannot judge the person who take photos in the museum is fault, but it did tell us that how different values and norms conveyed by different persons. The Chinese tend to disregard the rules, although he knew. In the meantime, there are many other tourists spend some time looking through the maps and rules in the brochure. This is somehow referring to the first dimension that Trompenaars said whether to obey the rules. Easily, the query of the French visitor that I met in the Chinese gallery, make me feel uncomfortable. However, it can refer to the fifth dimension and reveal the distinction between west and east towards personal achievement and the environment. The French person, represent the West, prefer to success by his own effort, but not the god. We can say westerners are more pragmatic and rational. In other words, Chinese rely more on the external environment, while westerners desire to control the environment much more. Followed by, the Japanese mothers shyness is unlike the West, where the parents who can speak calmly of ideas, more open and proactive. This is about the personal liberty. The westerners used to and dare to express their ideas, because in their opinion, everyone is equal to the world, besides the game in the museum. Yet, the mother did not think by this way, she was worry about the others or maybe avoid some risks that disobey their norms. As cite in the model, the mother is more neutral than the American parent is. Eventually, the Australian woman seems to care about the quality of her visit and hope herself has enough time to look around and explore more about the exhibits. Unfortunately, she did not make it. As she complained, she does not like the open form of display in the museum, especially the large museum. She even regards this as time consuming. We can suggest that she takes time serious and tend to not to do one thing at one time. As indicated in the VA Report on Cultural Diversity 2007() , the manager has insight the trend that more BAME(Black, Asian Minority Ethnic) background audience visit the museum(, but there is little forces on impact on service quality by the cultural differences, even more there is no reports for 2008 and 2009. Recommended by the SERVQUAL model, that can offer some implication on five fields. For one thing, the museum needs to make more effort on tangible aspect, to avoid the irregularities. For example, Rules need to be modifying in a clear and well delivering and more clear signs are demanded, too. This not only makes the visiting smoothly for visitors, but also protects the heritage in the museum. To accommodate the customers who are not emotional, there is better to employ some advisors or rules in the practice zone. In addition, it can use some systems, like booking system for this kind of customers to book in advanced or when entry. This will assure the customer right to enjoy the facilities in the museum. Many of tourist use no more than one day to look around in the museum, this is a pity for them. How to make up this perception difference of service quality is worth analysis. In China, museums prefer to make some valuable roots for visitors, this will save time and value for custom ers. This is related to the reliability of the service, because if the visitor can not well experience the service, or the exhibitions provided by museum, that means the museum has neglect its aim due to responsible for its own loss and profit. To conclude, this is just a small observation in museum. The result turns out without enough supportive evidence is a disadvantage of this paper. Over all, it is beneficial to discuss about how a NPO, as well as the public sector to face the globalization, especially manage in the cross-cultural environment. Reference Iris V. and Linds B. (2000) Intercultural Business Communication in the Global Workplace (second edition). McGraw-Hill Stephan Dahl () Communications and Culture Transformation Benjamin Barbers McWorld vs. Jihad Finola Kerrigan, Peter Fraser, Mustafa Ozbilgin (2004) Arts Marketing Butterworth-Heinemann Alan M. Rugman (2001) The End of Globalization: What it means for Business (Paperback). Random House Business Books; German Martin and Schumanns (1996) The Global Trap: Civilization and the Assault on Democracy and Prosperity The Global Trap: Civilization and the Assault on Democracy and Prosperity (Paperback), St. Martins Press; David Held and Anthony McGrew (2000) The global transformations reader: an introduction to the globalization debate. Cambridge: Polity Press; Theodore Levitt (1984) The globalization of markets THE McKINSEY QUARTERLY 1984 Summer; Robertson R. (1992) Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture (Published in association with Theory, Culture Society) (Paperback), Sage Publications Ltd; Giddens, Anthony (Ed.) (2001) The Global Third Way Debate. Cambridge : Polity; Cross-cultural communication (2008) Wikipedia. Available from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cultural_communication [ accessed 02 Jan 2010]

Proper Use of Police Discretion Essay -- Understanding discretion in p

"Proper use of discretion is probably the most important measure of a police officer or department." -- Rich Kinsey (retired police detective) Police officers are faced each day with a vast array of situations with which they must deal. No two situations they encounter are ever the same, even when examines a large number of situations over an extended period of time. The officers are usually in the position of having to make decisions on how to handle a specific matter alone, or with little additional advice and without immediate supervision. This is the heart of police discretion. As we shall find, the exercise of discretion by police has benefits and problems associated with such exercise. The unfettered use of discretion can lead to the denial of citizen rights. Strategies that control the use of discretion are, therefore, very important. The benefits and problems of police discretion and controlling strategies are the focus of this essay. In law enforcement, discretion is left up to each police officer to make responsible and reasonable decisions on situations while in the field. A police officer will have no choice but to use discretion in certain situations and make decisions on what type of force or punishment is necessary for the situations. Many people in the society always believe that police officers can make any decision they wish to at any time while working. This is very wrong because there are situations whereby a police officer or even the chief of police has no other choice, but to follow the law in making decisions. The role of the police administrator is double challenging because, he/she must determine how best to use discretion as well as encourage or dissuade discretion by subordinate members ... ...because when discretion is exercised appropriately, it makes the law just. Works Cited Bonaparte, N. (2012). Zimmerman/Martin Investigation. CTSGV Sanford Florida Government. Web. 26 April 2015. http://www.sanfordfl.gov/investigation/docs/Zimmerman_Martin_shooting.pdf Coalition to Stop Gun Violence. (2011). Shoot First Law. CTSGV Web. 26 April 2015. http://www.csgv.org/issues-and-campaigns/guns-democracy-and-freedom/shoot-first-laws Gleason, T. (2006, November). Ethics Training for Police. The Police Chief Voice, 73, 11. Reaves, J. (2002). Person of the Week: Charles A. Moose. Time. Web. 26 April 2015. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,363860,00.html Rich Kinsey is a retired Ann Arbor police detective sergeant AnnArbor.com Web. 26 April 2015. http://www.annarbor.com/news/discretion-is-the-measure-of-a-police-officer/